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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(5): 435-441, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766176

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the predictors and outcomes associated with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial (MDR-GNB) infections in an oncology pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: Data were collected relating to all episodes of GNB infection that occurred in a PICU between January of 2009 and December of 2012. GNB infections were divided into two groups for comparison: (1) infections attributed to MDR-GNB and (2) infections attributed to non-MDR-GNB. Variables of interest included age, gender, presence of solid tumor or hematologic disease, cancer status, central venous catheter use, previous Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, healthcare-associated infection, neutropenia in the preceding 7 days, duration of neutropenia, length of hospital stay before ICU admission, length of ICU stay, and the use of any of the following in the previous 30 days: antimicrobial agents, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Other variables included initial appropriate antimicrobial treatment, definitive inadequate antimicrobial treatment, duration of appropriate antibiotic use, time to initiate adequate antibiotic therapy, and the 7- and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed significant relationships between MDR-GNB and hematologic diseases (odds ratio [OR] 5.262; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.282-21.594; p = 0.021) and healthcare-associated infection (OR 18.360; 95% CI 1.778-189.560; p = 0.015). There were significant differences between MDR-GNB and non-MDR-GNB patients for the following variables: inadequate initial empirical antibiotic therapy, time to initiate adequate antibiotic treatment, and inappropriate antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Hematologic malignancy and healthcare-associated infection were significantly associated with MDR-GNB infection in this sample of pediatric oncology patients.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Este estudo visou a avaliar os preditores e resultados associados às infecções por bactérias gram-negativas multirresistentes (BGN-MR) em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica oncológica (UTIP). MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados com relação a todos os episódios de infecção por BGN que ocorreram em uma UTIP entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2012. As infecções por BGN foram divididas em dois grupos para comparação: 1) infecções atribuídas a BGN-MR e 2) infecções atribuídas a BGN não multirresistente. As variáveis de interesse incluíram idade, sexo, presença de tumor sólido ou malignidade hematológica, câncer, uso de cateter venoso central, infecção anterior por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infecção hospitalar, neutropenia nos sete dias anteriores, duração da neutropenia, tempo de internação antes da UTI, duração da internação na UTI e uso de quaisquer dos seguintes nos 30 dias anteriores: agentes antimicrobianos, corticosteroides, quimioterapia ou radioterapia. Outras variáveis incluíram: tratamento antimicrobiano inicial adequado, tratamento antimicrobiano definitivo inadequado, duração do uso de antibióticos adequados, tempo de início da terapia antibiótica adequada, mortalidade em sete dias e mortalidade em 30 dias. RESULTADOS: As análises de regressão logística multivariada mostraram relações significativas entre as BGN-MR e as doenças hematológicas (razão de chance (RC) 5,262; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC de 95%) 1,282-21,594; p = 0,021) e infecções hospitalares (RC 18,360; IC de 95% 1,778-189,560; p = 0,015). Houve diferenças significativas entre os pacientes com BGN-MR e BGN não MR com relação às seguintes variáveis: recebimento de terapia antibiótica empírica inicial inadequada, tempo para início do tratamento antibiótico adequado e recebimento de terapia antibiótica inadequada. CONCLUSÕES: A malignidade hematológica e a infecção hospitalar foram significativamente associadas à infecção por BGN-MR nessa amostra de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Hematologic Neoplasms/microbiology , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/mortality , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(6): 591-599, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730420

ABSTRACT

Background: Infection with Gram-negative bacteria is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of 7- and 30-day mortality in pediatric patients in an intensive care unit with cancer and/or hematologic diseases and Gram-negative bacteria infection. Methods: Data were collected relating to all episodes of Gram-negative bacteria infection that occurred in a pediatric intensive care unit between January 2009 and December 2012, and these cases were divided into two groups: those who were deceased seven and 30 days after the date of a positive culture and those who survived the same time frames. Variables of interest included age, gender, presence of solid tumor or hematologic disease, cancer status, central venous catheter use, previous Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, infection by multidrug resistant-Gram-negative bacteria, colonization by multidrug resistant-Gram- negative bacteria, neutropenia in the preceding seven days, neutropenia duration ≥3 days, healthcare-associated infection, length of stay before intensive care unit admission, length of intensive care unit stay >3 days, appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment, definitive inadequate antimicrobial treatment, time to initiate adequate antibiotic therapy, appropriate antibiotic duration ≤3 days, and shock. In addition, use of antimicrobial agents, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy in the previous 30 days was noted. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis resulted in significant relationship between shock and both 7-day mortality (odds ratio 12.397; 95% confidence interval 1.291–119.016 p = 0.029) and 30-day mortality (odds ratio 6.174; 95% confidence interval 1.760–21.664 p = 0.004), between antibiotic duration ≤3 days and 7-day mortality (odds ratio 21.328 95% confidence interval 2.834-160.536; p = 0.003), and between colonization by multidrug re...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/mortality , Case-Control Studies , Hematologic Neoplasms/microbiology , Immunocompromised Host , Neoplasms/microbiology , Risk Factors , Time Factors
3.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(2)abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594927

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify how the Brazilian hematology centers treated and diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia in 2009. Methods: An epidemiological observational multicenter study of 11 listed Brazilian centers that treat acute myeloid leukemia and perform bone marrow transplantation. Data were collected from clinical charts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated at the said centers between 2005 and 2009. The availability for immunophenotyping and cytogenetic tests was assessed. Results:During 2009, a total of 345 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia were diagnosed. Differences were noted in the tests performed between patients who initiated treatment at the center and those referred for treatment. Of the participating centers, 72% conducted some type of molecular study in acute myeloid leukemia upon diagnosis. Conclusion: Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia in Brazil shows significantly inferior results when compared to other centers worldwide.


Objetivo: Identificar como centros de hematologia brasileiros trataram e diagnosticaram os casos de leucemia mieloide aguda no ano de 2009. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, observacional, multicêntrico de 11 centros brasileiros cadastrados para tratamento de leucemia mieloide aguda e transplante de medula óssea. Os dados foram coletados a partir de prontuários de pacientes com leucemia mieloide aguda tratados nos centros citados entre os anos de 2005 e 2009. Foi avaliada a disponibilidade para realização de exames de imunofenotipagem e citogenética nos centros estudados. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 345 casos novos de leucemia mieloide aguda no ano de 2009. Observaram-se diferenças na realização de exames entre pacientes que iniciaram o tratamento no centro em relação àqueles referenciados para tratamento. Dos centros participantes, 72% realizaram algum tipo de pesquisa molecular em leucemia mieloide aguda ao diagnóstico. Conclusão: O tratamento da leucemia mieloide aguda no Brasil apresenta resultados muito inferiores quando comparado a outros centros mundiais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cytogenetic Analysis , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Therapeutics
4.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 86 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, Inca | ID: biblio-931708

ABSTRACT

A recuperação precoce da contagem absoluta de linfócitos (CAL) após o transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TACTH) é um preditor independente de melhores taxas de sobrevida em pacientes com câncer hematológico e não-hematológico. Realizou-se, neste estudo, uma análise retrospectiva de setenta e sete TACTH de sangue periférico em pacientes portadores de câncer hematológico objetivando identificar as variáveis associadas à recuperação precoce da CAL após o TACTH e avaliar o impacto de diferentes regimes de mobilização sobre a CAL pré-aférese. A dose de linfócitos CD8+ no enxerto autólogo e a CAL pré-aférese associaram-se independentemente à recuperação linfocitária precoce (P<0,001 e P=0,005; respectivamente). Uma dose de linfócitos CD8+ maior do que 0,1 x 109/kg associou-se fortemente à recuperação precoce da CAL (odds ratio 30,66; P<0,001; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% 6,18-152,10), sendo este o melhor ponto de corte para predizer a recuperação linfocitária precoce (área sob a curva 0,77; P<0,001; IC 95% 0,64-0,89). A mobilização com o fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos (G-CSF) isoladamente, a CAL pré-aférese e o número de sessões de aférese associaram-se independentemente com a dose de linfócitos CD8+ no enxerto autólogo (P=0,02, P<0,001 e P<0,001; respectivamente). O número de sessões de aférese foi a variável mais correlacionada com a dose de linfócitos CD8+ (rs=0,62, P<0,001). A comparação entre os valores medianos da CAL pré-mobilização e pré-aférese evidenciou uma redução de 1130 para 709 linfócitos/µL no subgrupo de pacientes sem recuperação linfocitária precoce e mobilizado com quimioterapia + G-CSF (P<0,001). Esta redução não foi significativa no subgrupo de pacientes com recuperação linfocitária precoce e mobilizado com quimioterapia + G-CSF (1905 versus 1500/µL, respectivamente; P=0,13). Estes resultados sugerem que a dose de linfócitos CD8+ no enxerto autólogo desempenha um papel crítico na recuperação precoce da CAL após o TACTH e demonstram que a mobilização com quimioterapia + G-CSF reduz significativamente a CAL pré-aférese, especialmente em pacientes com um baixo número de linfócitos no momento da mobilização.


Early lymphocyte recovery (ELR) after autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an independent predictor for survival in patients with hematological and non-hematological cancers. Seventy-seven ASCT for hematological cancers were retrospectively analyzed to identify the factors associated with ELR and to assess the impact of different mobilization regimens on the pre-collection absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). The CD8+ lymphocyte dose in the autograft and the precollection ALC were independently associated with ELR (P<0.001 and P=0.005; respectively). CD8+ lymphocyte doses higher than 0.1 x 109/kg were strongly associated with ELR (P<0.001, odds ratio 30.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.18-152.10) and this cutoff may be used to predict ELR (P<0.001, area under the curve 0.77, 95% CI 0.64- 0.89). Mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone, the precollection ALC and the number of apheresis sessions were independently associated with the CD8+ lymphocyte dose (P=0.02, P<0.001 and P<0.001; respectively). The number of aphereses was the variable with the strongest correlation to the CD8+ lymphocyte dose (rs=0.62, P<0.001). Median pre-mobilization ALC was higher than pre-collection ALC in the subgroup of patients without ELR mobilized with chemotherapy followed by G-CSF (1130 versus 709 lymphocytes/μL; P<0.001). This reduction was not significant in the subgroup with ELR mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF (1905 versus 1500/μL, respectively; P=0.13). These results suggest that the CD8+ lymphocyte dose in the autograft is critical for ELR after ASCT and also demonstrates that mobilization with chemotherapy followed by G-CSF significantly decreases the pre-collection ALC, especially in patients with low pre-mobilization ALC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization , Transplantation, Autologous , Lymphocytes
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